With a 3/4 pot bet, you have 7:3 pot odds and need +30% equity to call. With a pot sized bet, you get 2:1 pot odds and need +33% equity to call. With a 2x pot bet, it's 3:2 pot odds and you need 40% equity to call. So, say your opponent has a hand lesser than a flush, like two pair. They bet the pot size on the flop, you may elect to call.

• Poker American Food Bethesda
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Introduction

This page gives rules for a number of shared card poker games in which the shared (or community) cards are dealt in a particular configuration, and only certain sets of cards are available to be used together as part of the player's final hand. The number of variants of this type that could be invented is almost endless, and several more examples, some quite complex, will be found among the pagat.com collection of invented shared card poker variants.

How to Play 7 Card Stud. 7 Card Stud is one of many variations of stud poker. There are dozens of poker games, but few are as exciting and popular as 7 Card Stud. You can learn the basic strategy of the game after just a few hands. The wagering requirement is the minimum number of times you have to bet your bonus amount to be able to cash out winnings from it. For instance, you may get a $25 no deposit bonus with a 30x Food Poker wagering requirement. This means you will have to wager a total of $750 – 30 times $25 – to Food Poker.

These variants are normally played in private poker games, in which the players place an ante before the deal and each betting round begins with the first active player to dealer's left.

Iron Cross

In this game, also known as Church or Criss Cross, five cards are dealt face down to each player, and five cards face down to the table in the shape of a cross - see diagram.

There is a betting round, and then the cards are turned face up in the order indicated, with another betting round after each card is exposed.

In the showdown, each player can use two or more of their five cards together with cards from the cross to form their hand, but the shared cards used must all come either from the horizontal line of three cards (4-5-2) or all from the vertical line (1-5-3).

Variations

The centre card and all cards of the same rank may be wild.

This game can be played high-low, either with declaration or with the highest and lowest hands simply sharing the pot.

Iron Cross is sometimes played with only four cards dealt to each player.

The number of betting rounds can be reduced, for example by betting only after the deal, after cards 1 and 2, after cards 3 and 4 and before the showdown.

Tic Tac Toe

This game is also sometimes known as Criss Cross. Two cards are dealt face down to each player and nine face down cards in a 3x3 grid to the table. In the showdown, players use their two cards together with any row (8-1-5, 4-9-2 or 7-3-6) or any column (8-4-7, 1-9-3 or 5-2-6) or either diagonal (8-9-6 or 5-9-7) to make a poker hand.

The cards may be revealed one at a time in the order shown in the diagram with a betting round after each, but that would result in a lot of betting rounds. Therefore some players prefer to reveal the cards in groups, for example 1, 2, 3, 4; betting round; 5, 6, 7, 8; betting round; 9; betting round and showdown. Another possibility is to flip the top row (8-1-5), then the bottom row (7-3-6), then the middle row (4-9-2) with a betting round after each row.

Some deal four cards to each player rather than two, and the player must use exactly two of them witha row column or diagonal of three cards from the table.

Some deal four cards to each player and the player may use 2, 3 or all 4 of these together with 3, 2 or 1 cards from any row, column or diagonal.

Some play that the centre card (9) and all cards of the same rank are wild.

The game can be played high only or high-low with declaration. When played high-low, the high and low hands can be made independently, each using a different row, column or diagonal of the grid.

Tic Tac Toe with Posts

In this version of Tic Tac Toe, as well as placing antes, each player puts up three stakes known as 'posts'.

Two cards are dealt face down to each player and a 3x3 grid of cards is dealt face up to the table. After a single round of betting, surviving players expose their two cards and declare what is their best hand (the cards do not speak for themselves). The best hand wins the pot and all other players (including those who folded) must place one of their posts into a separate 'posts pot'.

All players discard their two-card hands but the 3x3 grid remains in place. There is a new deal of two cards face down to each player from the cards that remain in the deck, and there is another round of betting and a new showdown.

This is repeated as many times as necessary. Only those players who still have at least one token are dealt a hand, and if there are insufficient cards remaining to deal them two cards each, all the unused and discarded cards are shuffled to make a new 43-card deck (the 9-card layout remaining in place) and the cards are dealt from that.

When all but one player have losts all their posts, the last surviving player collects the posts pot and the game ends.

The players who still with no actual betting rounds. The result depends only on the deal and on the players correctly identifying what hands they can make.

Tic Tac Toe with choice

Each player is dealt three cards, face down and a grid of nine cards is dealt face down to the table. The player to dealer's left must place a blind, which begins the first betting round.

The last player who bet or raised (if everyone just called or folded this will be the player to dealer's left) chooses two of the down cards to turn face up. Any two cards may be chosen except for the centre card (9), which is the last card revealed. There is another round of betting, which begins with a compulsory bet by the first active player to the left of whoever chose which cards to turn.

This is repeated until the eight outer cards are turned up, after which there is a round of betting with no compulsory bet, begun by the active player to the left of the player who exposed the last two outer cards. Then the centre card is revealed.

In the showdown, each surviving player makes their best 5 card poker hand, using either three cards from their hand and two from the board, or 2 from their hand and three from the board. As usual the board cards must come from a single row, column or diagonal.

The pot, then, is split between the player with the best five card hand made using these rules, and the person who has the highest private card of the same suit as the centre card of the grip. Any odd chip remaining stays in the pot for the next hand. If no surviving player can match the suit of the center card, the whole pot goes to the holder of the high poker hand. If all but one player folded, the last player in takes the whole pot.

Pyramid

There are several shared card games with this name, their only common feature being that the layout is triangular in shape.

Three intersecting rows

Four cards are dealt face down to each player and six face down to the pyramid as shown in the diagram. The cards are turned face up in the order shown, with a betting round after each.

This is a high-low game with declaration. At the showdown, each surviving player will combine 2, 3 or 4 cards from hand with 3, 2 or 1 cards from the table, but all the table cards used must come from just one of the three sides of the triangle (4-1-5, 4-3-6 or 6-2-5). A player going for both high and low must make both hands from the same seven cards.

Wild cards, shared cards and kill cards

Five cards are dealt face down to each player and nine to a pyramid as shown in the diagram.

After the first betting round the top row of cards is turned face up. All cards of these ranks are wild, but the cards themselves are not available to be used by the players.

After the second round of betting the second row is turned face up. These three cards are shared cards, available to be used by all players along with their hand cards to make a poker hand.

After the third round of betting the last row of four cards is turned up. All cards of the same ranks as these cards, both in the middle row of the pyramid and in the players' hands, must be discarded.

There is a fourth round of betting followed by a showdown.

Other variants

Here is a version of Pyramid contributed Sq2yard.

Yukon Hold'em

According to a (now deleted) Wikipedia article, this game originated in Alaska during the 1970’s and subsequently gained some popularity in the northwestern United States and Canada.

The betting and play proceed exactly as in Texas Hold'em, except the configuration of shared cards is different.

1. After the initial betting round, instead of a flop of three cards, the dealer deals two flops of two shared cards face up to the table.
2. After the second betting round the dealer deals two 'turn' cards, one added to each pair of flop cards.
3. After the third betting round the dealer deals a single 'river' card.

There is then a final betting round and a showdown. At this point there are seven cards face up on the table: two sets of three each consisting of a two-card flop and the associated turn, and a single river card. Each player can use only one of the sets of three cards (flop + turn) together with the river card and hole cards to make a poker hand.

Z

Five cards are dealt face down to each player and four cards to the table in a Z-shape, as shown in the diagram.

There is a betting round, and then the cards are flipped face up in the order shown, with a new betting round after each card is exposed.

Hands are formed from exactly three of a player's hole cards together with two adjacent cards from the layout - that is: 1&3, 3&4, or 4&2.

This is a high-low game without declaration. In the showdown, the highest and lowest hands split the pot. Low hands use ace-to-five ranking and must be 8-down or lower to qualify. If there is no qualifying low hand, the high hand wins the whole pot.

Elevator

Four cards are dealt to each player and seven face down on the table, as shown in the diagram. In the showdown, each player will choose the position of the elevator 'E' (top, middle or bottom) and will then be able to use three cards in a straight line including the elevator along with his or her four hand cards to form the highest and/or lowest five-card hand. The line can be horzontal or diagonal. In other words, the cards available to a player are the four hole cards plus one of the following five sets from the table: 1-E-4, 1-E-6, 2-E-5, 3-E-6, 3-E-4.

The seven table cards are turned up one at a time, each followed by a betting round. This should be done in a sequence that delays as long as possible showing two or three cards that can be used together - for example 5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6, E. Players then declare whether they are going for high, low or both. If both, the high and low hands must both be made from the same seven-card set.

Variations

• The elevator card 'E' may be wild.
• Players going both ways may be allowed to use different rows from the table for their high and low hands.

Whether on a riverboat atop the Mighty Mississippi or in the smoky dimness of a mining camp saloon, a lucky draw could turn a broken man into a winner. In the days of the frontier west, poker was king with the mustachioed likes of Wild Bill Hickok, Doc Holliday, “Canada” Bill Jones, Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and hundreds of others.

In the old west towns of Deadwood, Dodge City, Tombstone, and Virginia City, gamblers played with their back to the wall and their guns at their sides, as dealers dealt games with names such as Chuck-A-Luck, Three Card Monte, High Dice, and Faro, by far the favorite in the wild west saloons.

The exact origin of poker is unknown but many have speculated that it originated from the 16th-century Persian card game called As Nas. Played with a 25 card deck containing five suits, the rules were similar to today’s Five Card Stud. Others are of the opinion that it was invented by the Chinese in 900 A.D. In all likelihood, the game derived from elements of various gambling diversions that have been around from the beginning of time.

Poker in the United States was first widely played in New Orleans by French settlers playing a card game that involved bluffing and betting called Poque in the early 1800s. This old poker game was similar to the “draw poker” game we play today. New Orleans evolved as America’s first gambling city as riverboat men, plantation owners and farmers avidly pursued the betting sport.

The first American gambling casino was opened in New Orleans around 1822 by a man named John Davis. The club, open twenty-four hours a day, provided gourmet food, liquor, roulette wheels, Faro tables, poker, and other games. Davis also made certain that painted ladies were never far away. Dozens of imitators soon followed making the gaming dens the primary attraction of New Orleans. The city’s status as an international port and its thriving gambling industry created a new profession, called the card “sharper.”

Professional gamblers and cheats gathered in a waterfront area known as “the swamp,” an area even the police were afraid to frequent, and any gambler lucky enough to win stood a good chance of losing his earnings to thieves outside of the gambling rooms and saloons.

Gambling was outlawed in the rest of the huge Louisiana territory in 1811, but New Orleans continued to enjoy the prosperity brought by gambling for more than 100 years. Though the law was passed for the entire Louisiana Purchase, it was obviously not enforced and casinos and gambling began to spread.

As commerce developed on the waterways, gambling traveled up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, then westward via covered wagons, and later on the railroad. The first written reference in the United States came from Jonathan H. Greer in 1834 when he referred to the amusement as the “cheating game.”

Some of the first gambling dens outside of New Orleans were started on river towns that were popular with both travelers and professional gamblers. It was here that many “sharpers” preyed on these transient people, with their pockets filled with their life savings, on the way to the new frontier. The dishonest gamblers also often ran confidence games and other con artist businesses, in order to gaff the unwary pioneers. A host of companies specialized in manufacturing and selling card cheating devices. One riverboat gambler named George Devol was so proud of his ability to slip a stacked deck into a game that he once used four of them in one poker hand, dealing four aces to each of his four opponents.

It was professional gamblers who were largely responsible for the poker boom. Considering themselves as entrepreneurs, they took advantage of America’s growing obsession with gambling. Though having a high opinion of themselves, the public viewed them with disdain, considering them as contributing nothing to society. This viewpoint was often warranted in many cases, as a large number of professional gamblers often cheated in order to win. To be successful, professional gamblers had to have irresistible personalities in order to attract men to play with them. Often dressing in dandy clothes, their success depended partly on chance and partly on skill, sometimes on sleight of hand, and in the Old West, their shooting abilities. By the 1830s, citizens began to blame professional gamblers for any and every crime in the area and gambling itself began to be attacked.

James Bowie

It was during these riverboat gambling heydays that an interesting story occurred in 1832. On a Mississippi steamboat, four men were playing poker, three of which were professional gamblers, and the fourth, a hapless traveler from Natchez. Soon, the young naïve man had lost all his money to the rigged game. Devastated, the Natchez man planned to throw himself into the river; however, an observer prevented his suicide attempt, and then joined the card game with the “sharps.” In the middle of a high stakes hand, the stranger caught one of the professionals cheating and pulled a knife on the gambler, yelling, “Show your hand! If it contains more than five cards I shall kill you!” When he twisted the cheater’s wrist, six cards fell to the table. Immediately, the stranger took the $70,000 pot, returning $50,000 to the Natchez man and keeping $20,000 for his trouble. Shocked, the Natchez man stuttered, “Who the devil are you, anyway?” to which the stranger responded, “I am James Bowie.”

Anxious citizens of these river port towns grew more and more wary of the confidence men that were multiplying so quickly. In Vicksburg, Mississippi, the citizens’ rage had become so increased by 1835, five cardsharps were lynched by a vigilante group. It was soon after this that many of the gamblers moved onto the riverboats, benefiting from the transient riverboat lifestyle.

At the conclusion of the Civil War, America pushed her boundaries West, where the frontier was born of speculators, travelers, and miners. These hardy pioneers had high risk-taking characteristics, making any gambling situation a popular pastime for these rough and tumble men of the frontier. In virtually every mining camp and prairie town, a poker table could soon be found in each saloon, surrounded by prospectors, lawmen, cowboys, railroad workers, soldiers, and outlaws for a chance to tempt fortune and fate.

During the California Gold Rush of 1849 gambling houses sprouted up all over northern California, offering a wide array of not only gaming tables but also musicians and pretty women to entertain the gamblers as they played. It was at this time that dance halls began to appear and spread throughout later settlements. While these saloons usually offered games of chance, their chief attraction was dancing. The customer generally paid 75¢ to $1.00 for a ticket to dance, with the proceeds being split between the dance hall girl and the saloon owner. After the dance, the girl would steer the gentleman to the bar, where she would make an additional commission from the sale of a drink.

A popular girl would average 50 dances a night, sometimes making more a night than a working man could make in a month. Dance hall girls made enough money that it was very rare for them to double as a prostitute, in fact, many former “soiled doves” found they could make more money as a dance hall girl.

As the Gold Rush gained momentum, San Francisco replaced New Orleans as the center for gambling in the United States. Over one hundred thriving saloons and brothels met the sailors and fortune-seeking travelers as they disembarked at the San Francisco harbor and stumbled into the infamous Barbary Coast Waterfront District.

Faro was by far the most popular and prolific game played in Old West saloons, followed by Brag, Three-card-monte, and dice games such as High-low, Chuck-a-luck, and Grand hazard. It was also about this time that gambling began to invite more diversity including Hispanics, blacks, Chinese and women in the games. Three of the more famous women gamblers of this time were Calamity Jane, Poker Alice, and Madame Mustache.

Before long, many of the Old West mining camps such as Deadwood, Leadville, and Tombstone became as well known for gunfights over card games than they did for their wealth of gold and silver ore. Professional gamblers such as Doc Holliday and Wild Bill Hickok learned early to hone their six-shooter skills at the same pace as their gambling abilities. Taking swift action upon the green cloth became part of the gamblers’ code – shoot first and ask questions later.

One such occasion that clearly showed the quick and violent code was when Doc Holliday was dealing Faro to a local bully named Ed Bailey in Fort Griffin, Texas. Bailey was unimpressed with Doc’s reputation and in an attempt to irritate him; he kept picking up the discards and looking at them. Peeking at the discards was strictly prohibited by the rules of Western Poker, a violation that could force the player to forfeit the pot.

Though Holliday warned Bailey twice, the bully ignored him and picked up the discards again. This time, Doc raked in the pot without showing his hand, nor saying a word. Bailey immediately brought out his pistol from under the table, but before the man could pull the trigger, Doc’s lethal knife slashed the man across the stomach. With blood spilled everywhere, Bailey lay sprawled out dead across the table.

Inevitably there were liquored up miners and cowboys who would shoot up the saloons and sometimes the poker winner when they were angered by their losses. Even Wild Bill Hickok, who is mostly known for his heroics and prowess with a six-shooter, took advantage of those abilities when faced with a loss in Deadwood, South Dakota. Shortly before midnight after a night of drinking and gambling, Hickok was playing a two-handed game with a man named McDonald when the stakes began to increase with every card dealt.

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When the hand was complete and the middle of the table piled high with money, McDonald showed his hand, displaying three jacks. To this, Hickok responded, “I have a full house – aces over sixes,” then threw his hand face down upon the table. However, when McDonald picked up Hickok’s hand, he exclaimed, “I see only two aces and one six.” Wasting no time, Wild Bill drew his six-shooter with his right hand and replied, “Here’s my other six.” Then he flashed a bowie knife with his left hand, stating, “And here’s my one spot.” McDonald immediately backed down saying coolly, “That hand is good. Take the pot.”

By the end of the 19th century, gambling had spread like wildfire through the many mining camps, multiplying as the gold and silver hunters spread across the West, searching for new strikes. It was about this time that both states and cities started to take advantage of these growing ventures by taxing gambling dens and raising money for their communities.

It was also during the late 1800s that many towns and states across the western frontier began to enact new laws against gambling. Attempting to gain new levels of respectability, the laws primarily targeted the “professional gambler” more than gaming in general. Some types of gambling were made illegal, while limits were established on others. Initially, anti-gaming laws were weak and had little real effect on gambling, as they were difficult to enforce, establishments simply introduced new variants, and penalties were light.

Faro gambling card game about 1900.

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However, the laws were gradually strengthened and ironically, Nevada was one of the first states in the West to totally make gambling illegal in 1909. Other states soon followed suit and true to the worst fears of the Puritans, gangsters combined liquor and gambling in the cities of New York, Cleveland and Chicago during the 1920s.

By the time construction on the Hoover Dam was underway in 1931, Nevada relaxed its gambling laws and casinos once more began to flourish. By 1939 there were six casinos and sixteen saloons in Las Vegas. As automobile traffic increased and people began to travel more for leisure, Las Vegas began to boom into the gambling Mecca it is today.

Over the years, poker has evolved through legitimate casinos and backroom games to its many present variations. Over the last decade several states have reintroduced gambling in limited formats and the fastest-growing gambling opportunity today doesn’t even require you to leave your home, as you log onto your computer to tempt the fates. Carefully regulated by gaming laws, poker is now the most popular card game in the world.

© Kathy Weiser/Legends of America, updated November 2019.

“If you’re playing a poker game and you look around the table and can’t tell who the sucker is, it’s you.” –– Paul Newman

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